Sensory integration and processing refer to how our brain receives and interprets sensory information from the world around us. It is a complex process that involves different parts of the brain and can impact a person’s ability to function in daily life. However, navigating the jargon used in the field of sensory integration and processing can be challenging for individuals, caregivers, and even professionals. This article aims to provide a comprehensive guide to the common terms and phrases used in this field. 

Table of Contents 

  1. Introduction
  2. Sensory Processing Disorder
  1. Sensory Integration Therapy
  2. Ayres Sensory Integration (ASI)
  3. Sensory Diet
  4. Sensory Processing Assessments
  5. Sensory Processing Strategies
  1. Sensory Processing and Autism Spectrum Disorder
  2. Sensory Processing and ADHD
  3. Sensory Processing and Anxiety Disorders
  4. Conclusion
  5. FAQs

Introduction 

Sensory integration and processing refer to how our brain receives and interprets sensory information from the world around us. It involves the integration of different sensory modalities, such as touch, sight, sound, taste, and smell, and is essential for our daily functioning. However, some individuals may struggle with sensory integration and processing, which can result in difficulties with attention, socialization, and overall daily functioning. 

Sensory Processing Disorder 

Sensory processing disorder (SPD) is a condition that affects the way the brain processes sensory information. It is also referred to as Sensory Integration Dysfunction or Sensory Processing Dysfunction. SPD can affect individuals of all ages, and symptoms can range from mild to severe. The following are the three main types of SPD: 

Sensory Modulation Disorder 

Sensory modulation disorder refers to difficulties in regulating the intensity, frequency, and duration of responses to sensory input. Individuals with sensory modulation disorder may be oversensitive or undersensitive to certain sensory stimuli, such as touch, sound, or light. They may also seek out or avoid certain sensory experiences. 

Sensory Discrimination Disorder 

Sensory discrimination disorder refers to difficulties in distinguishing between different types or qualities of sensory input. Individuals with sensory discrimination disorder may struggle to identify the source, location, or nature of sensory input. They may also have difficulty with fine motor skills or coordination. 

Sensory-Based Motor Disorder 

Sensory-based motor disorder refers to difficulties in using sensory information to plan and execute motor actions. Individuals with the sensory-based motor disorder may struggle with gross or fine motor skills, balance, and coordination. They may also need help with activities that require motor planning, such as writing or playing sports. 

Sensory Integration Therapy 

Sensory integration therapy is a type of intervention that aims to improve sensory integration and processing. It involves structured activities that provide sensory input in a controlled and graded manner, intending to help the brain process sensory information more efficiently. Sensory integration therapy can be provided in a variety of settings, including clinics, schools, and homes. 

Ayres Sensory Integration (ASI) 

Ayres Sensory Integration (ASI) is a specific type of sensory integration therapy developed by Dr. Jean Ayres. ASI is based on the theory that the brain can reorganize and improve its processing of sensory information through sensory experiences. ASI involves specific activities that challenge different sensory systems, such as swinging, spinning, and climbing. ASI is typically provided by occupational therapists who are trained in this approach. 

A sensory diet refers to a personalized set of activities designed to provide the right amount and type of sensory input to an individual. The term was coined by occupational therapist Patricia Wilbarger and is based on the idea that sensory input is just as essential to our well-being as food. A sensory diet can include activities such as deep pressure touch, vestibular stimulation, and proprioceptive input. 

Sensory Processing Assessments 

Sensory processing assessments are tools used to evaluate an individual’s sensory processing abilities. These assessments can help identify specific areas of difficulty and inform intervention planning. Some commonly used sensory processing assessments include the Sensory Profile, the Sensory Processing Measure, and the Sensory Integration and Praxis Tests. 

Sensory Processing Strategies 

There are many strategies that can be used to support individuals with sensory processing difficulties. These strategies can be divided into four categories: 

Environmental Modifications 

Environmental modifications involve changing the physical environment to reduce sensory input or make it more predictable. For example, using noise-cancelling headphones, reducing visual clutter, or providing a consistent routine. 

Sensory Tools 

Sensory tools refer to items that can be used to provide sensory input in a controlled manner. Examples include weighted blankets, fidget toys, and chewy necklaces. 

Sensory Breaks 

Sensory breaks involve taking a short break from sensory input to regulate arousal levels. This could include taking a walk outside, doing deep breathing exercises, or listening to calming music. 

Sensory-Friendly Activities 

Sensory-friendly activities are activities that provide sensory input in a positive and meaningful way. Examples include swimming, dancing, or playing with play-dough. 

Sensory Processing and Autism Spectrum Disorder 

Sensory processing difficulties are common in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). In fact, sensory processing differences are now recognized as a core feature of ASD. Individuals with ASD may be oversensitive or undersensitive to certain sensory stimuli and may have difficulty integrating sensory information from different modalities. 

Sensory Processing and ADHD 

Sensory processing difficulties are also common in individuals with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Individuals with ADHD may be easily distracted by sensory stimuli, struggle with regulating their arousal levels, and have difficulty with fine motor skills. 

Sensory Processing and Anxiety Disorders 

Sensory processing difficulties can also be present in individuals with anxiety disorders. Anxiety can cause individuals to become hypersensitive to sensory input, which can lead to avoidance behaviors and further sensory processing difficulties. 

Conclusion 

Sensory integration and processing are complex processes that can impact an individual’s daily functioning. Navigating the jargon used in this field can be challenging for individuals, caregivers, and even professionals. However, understanding common terms and phrases can help individuals access appropriate resources and support. Sensory integration therapy, sensory diets, and sensory processing assessments are just a few of the strategies available to support individuals with sensory processing difficulties. 

FAQs 

  1. Can sensory processing difficulties be cured? 

There is no cure for sensory processing difficulties, but intervention and support can help individuals manage their symptoms and improve their functioning. 

  1. What is the difference between sensory processing disorder and autism spectrum disorder? 

Sensory processing disorder refers specifically to difficulties with sensory processing, while autism spectrum disorder is a broader diagnosis that includes sensory processing difficulties as one of its core features. 

  1. How can I support my child with sensory processing difficulties at home? 

Environmental modifications, sensory tools, sensory breaks, and sensory-friendly activities are all strategies that can be used to support individuals with sensory processing difficulties at home. 

  1. What kind of professional can provide sensory integration therapy? 

Occupational therapists are trained to provide sensory integration therapy. 

  1. How do sensory processing difficulties impact daily functioning? 

Sensory processing difficulties can impact daily functioning in many ways. Individuals may struggle with attention, socialization, self-regulation, and overall participation in daily activities. Sensory processing difficulties can also cause individuals to avoid or seek out certain sensory experiences, which can limit their participation in activities they enjoy or need to do. Understanding and addressing sensory processing difficulties can help individuals improve their overall functioning and quality of life. 

Thank you for your request. Here are the last two FAQs to conclude the article: 

  1. Can sensory processing difficulties be diagnosed? 

Yes, sensory processing difficulties can be diagnosed through a comprehensive evaluation that includes a clinical interview, standardized assessments, and observation of the individual’s behavior in different sensory environments. 

  1. What kind of interventions are available for individuals with sensory processing difficulties? 

There are many interventions available for individuals with sensory processing difficulties, including sensory integration therapy, sensory diets, environmental modifications, and sensory tools. The type of intervention recommended will depend on the individual’s specific needs and goals. 

In conclusion, sensory integration and processing are important processes that can impact an individual’s daily functioning. Understanding the common terms and phrases used in this field can help individuals, caregivers, and professionals navigate the jargon and access appropriate resources and support. By utilizing strategies such as sensory integration therapy, sensory diets, and sensory processing assessments, individuals with sensory processing difficulties can improve their overall functioning and quality of life.